Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting nearly one in ten women globally. It is characterised by an imbalance of reproductive hormones that disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular or absent menstrual cycles and difficulties in conceiving.
Although its name refers to ovaries containing multiple cysts, not every woman with PCOS has them. The underlying cause often ties back to insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetics.
The Main Causes of PCOS
PCOS causes vary from person to person, but studies identify several key contributors:
- Genetic Predisposition: Family history increases the risk. If your mother or sister has PCOS, your chances rise.
- Insulin Resistance: About 70% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, leading to higher insulin levels that can trigger androgen excess.
- Hormonal Imbalance: High levels of male hormones (androgens) prevent regular ovulation.
- Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, poor diet, and stress worsen PCOS symptoms.
Symptoms and Effects of PCOS on Women’s Health
The effects of PCOS are broad, affecting physical, hormonal, and emotional well-being.
Menstrual Cycle Disturbances
Irregular periods, heavy bleeding, missed cycles, or the absence of menstruation for months are classic indicators. Some experience amenorrhoea (absence of periods), while others report menorrhagia (heavy bleeding).
Fertility and Ovulation
Ovulation problems are a hallmark of PCOS. Without regular ovulation, releasing a viable egg becomes challenging, leading to infertility in many cases. However, targeted treatment can restore ovulation.
Weight Changes
PCOS weight gain is common, especially around the abdomen. This type of fat increases insulin resistance, creating a cycle difficult to break. Conversely, pcos weight loss through consistent exercise and a balanced diet significantly improves hormonal health.
Skin, Hair, and Mood
- Acne and oily skin from androgen excess
- Hair thinning or male-pattern baldness
- Hirsutism (unwanted hair on face and body)
- Increased risk of anxiety, depression, and body image issues
PCOS and Fertility: Can You Get Pregnant?
Yes, many women with PCOS conceive with proper management. However, the journey may involve effort and patience.
Challenges
- Unpredictable ovulation cycles
- Poor egg quality due to hormonal imbalance
- Thickened ovarian walls preventing egg release
Solutions
- Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss of even 5–10% can regulate cycles.
- Ovulation Medications: Drugs like Clomiphene Citrate or Letrozole induce ovulation.
- Supplements: Myo-inositol, resveratrol, and vitamin D improve insulin sensitivity.
- Medical Supervision: Fertility specialists tailor treatment plans for natural conception or IVF.
Working Out with PCOS
A consistent workout routine supports weight management, reduces insulin resistance, and boosts mental health.
Best types of workouts:
- Strength training: Builds lean muscle and improves metabolism
- Cardio: Walking, swimming, cycling for 30 minutes daily
- Yoga: Reduces stress, balances hormones, and enhances ovulation regularity
Combining dietary focus with movement is the best way to lose weight with PCOS long-term.
Importance of Diet and Nutrition
A well-structured PCOS diet emphasises low glycaemic index foods, fibre, lean protein, and healthy fats.
Foods to Include:
- Whole grains (quinoa, oats)
- Omega-3-rich sources (flaxseeds, fish)
- Leafy greens and antioxidant-rich fruits
Foods to Avoid:
- Processed carbohydrates and sugars
- Fried and trans-fat-rich snacks
- Sugar-laden beverages
Working with a pcos nutritionist near me can help create a personalised meal plan targeting your hormonal needs.
Long-Term Health Risks of PCOS
Ignoring PCOS may contribute to chronic health complications:
- Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
- Endometrial cancer risk due to unopposed oestrogen
- Hypertension and high cholesterol
- Sleep apnoea and depression
Early detection, consistent monitoring, and proactive care prevent these long-term effects.
Lifestyle Adjustments for Managing PCOS
- Maintain a balanced weight through diet and exercise
- Sleep seven to eight hours daily
- Manage stress using mindfulness, journaling, or therapy
- Regularly track menstrual cycles through apps
- Limit alcohol and quit smoking
Emerging Natural and Supplement-Based Treatments
Popular supplements include:
- Inofolic Alpha for ovulation support
- Resveratrol PCOS for hormone balance
- Furocyst for insulin resistance
- Oziva HerBalance and Bodywise PCOS Superfood for plant-based management
Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the early signs of PCOS?
Irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and excess facial hair growth.
2. Can you have PCOS without cysts?
Yes. Hormonal imbalance alone can confirm a PCOS diagnosis.
3. How does PCOS affect fertility?
It disrupts ovulation, making conception harder but not impossible.
4. Is PCOS curable?
There is no permanent cure, but symptoms are manageable with lifestyle changes and medication.
5. Can PCOS cause weight gain?
Yes. Insulin resistance and hormonal changes increase fat storage.
6. Can I lose weight with PCOS?
Absolutely. A tailored diet and consistent exercise plan help reduce weight and symptoms.
7. Does PCOS cause emotional changes?
Hormonal fluctuations often lead to mood swings or depression.
8. What is the best diet for PCOS?
A low-carbohydrate, high-fibre diet with adequate protein and omega-3 fats.
9. How can PCOS be treated naturally?
Through stress reduction, balanced eating, regular workouts, and certain herbal supplements.
10. Can women with PCOS get pregnant naturally after 30?
Yes, though it may take longer. With medical guidance, pregnancy is entirely possible.
Sources
- World Health Organization (WHO) – PCOS Health Overview
- Mayo Clinic – Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Symptoms & Causes
- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2024)
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG) Guidelines on PCOS Management
Medical Disclaimer
This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting or changing any treatment, supplement, or medication related to PCOS or fertility management.
